Definitions

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Self-Directed Learning has been defined in a variety of ways.  Here are ones we have found.  Which do you prefer and why?

• Brockett and Hiemstra (1991) claim that, "self-direction in learning refers to both the external characteristics of an instructional process and the internal characteristics of the learner, where the individual assumes primary responsibility for a learning experience" (p. 24).

• Gibbons (2002) stated that “SDL is any increase in knowledge, skill, accomplishment, or personal development that an individual selects and brings about by his or her own efforts using any method in any circumstances at any time” (p. 2).

• Kasworm (1983) stated that self-directed learning can be viewed as a "set of generic, finite behaviors; as a belief system reflecting and evolving from a process of self-initiated learning activity; or as an ideal state of the mature self-actualized learner" (p. 1).

• Knowles (1975) described Self-Directed Learning (SDL) broadly as “a process in which individuals take the initiative, with or with out the help of other, to diagnose their learning needs, formulate learning goals, identify resources for learning, select and implement learning strategies, and evaluate learning outcomes” (p. 18).

Synonyms

Here are some of the phrases that have been used with synonymously with Self-Directed Learning, along with who used them that way and what might be implied by these uses. 

The Problem of Definition

Many have tried to define what SDL means and Brookfield (1986) claims that it has "been skewed by those who choose to define it as they wish" (p. 18).  Owen (2002) attributes the distortion of the definition to "haphazard nomenclature" (pg. 1).